International Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry, INC.

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Miniature "Kentshire^®"

Here at the Miniature Cattle Research Facility, we have developed a new breed of miniature cattle. We are using a crossbred foundation of our Registered Miniature Irish Dexters with our Registered Miniature Herefords to create a Registered miniature "Kentshire^®". It is the first all American Miniature Cattle Breed. A two breed triple cross, Kentshire^®s are being developed in Kent, Washington USA at the Miniature Cattle Breeds Research Facility. Whenever you cross two separate and distinct pure breeds the results can be outstanding. To accomplish this we began by using our Registered Miniature Hereford bull, Happy Mountain^® 1, who is 42" at five years to breed our Dexter cows who are under 42". This results in an animal with hybrid vigor. Then using our Registered Miniature Irish Dexter bull, Danny Boy, who is 38" at five years to breed the Miniature Hereford heifers who are under 42". Again, the result is an animal with hybrid vigor. These are the foundation bulls for the new Kentshire^® breed. Thus begins the herd of F-1's. Then these F-1's are double-crossed to get the F-2's resulting in animals with "super hybrid vigor". We then linebreed to refine the herd focusing on the particular characteristics we want. The F-2's have the genetics from both foundation bulls and are therefore the start of a completely new breed, approximately a four year program. These are the breeding methods of the great cattle breeders of the past that were used to create some of the outstanding beef and dairy breeds of today.

The "Kentshire^® Miniatures" are a short beefy animal with the best qualities of both breeds. "Kentshire^®s" would not perform in the outstanding manner they do if the two parent breeds were not each outstanding in their respective strong traits. The combination results in a breed that is superior to either original foundation parent breed. "Kentshire^®s" are a miniature dual purpose breed outstanding for both high quality milk and as a family pet. In general height range of 36" to 48" they're just great to have around. They are easy to handle, very friendly and very docile. They make wonderful pets and only require a small amount of area. They don't require any special equipment or special fencing. They are just perfect for the small farms of the world.

It is interesting to note that Kent, Washington USA was the first city in the United States to have a breed of cattle named after it. Kent is a wonderful city of friendly people. Kent is both oriented toward agriculture and industry. "Kentshire^®s" have been proclaimed to be the official cattle breed of Kent, Washington USA.

MINIATURE Kentshire^® BREED STANDARDS
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL MINIATURE CATTLE BREEDS REGISTRY
AS OF 1-1-01
RICHARD GRADWOHL - BREED REGISTRY CHAIRPERSON (253) 631-1911

Animals must be 42" or under at maturity (three years) to be classified as Miniature, or over 42" up to 48" at maturity to be classified as Mid Size. All measurements are at the hip (see diagram).

Registration Certificates are temporary until maturity (three years of age) at which height measurement is required for permanent registry. A picture of each animal being registered must accompany each registration application.

Animals must be originated from purebred miniature Irish Dexter Cattle parentage and purebred Hereford Cattle parentage, be from approved animals and have followed the Kentshire^® breeding plan.

Parentage must not have evidence of inbreeding within the last three generations unless from approved animals.

An animal must not be the result of inbreeding (inbreeding is defined as more than 50% influence of an ancestor).

The parentage of an animal must have conformed to the height standards in #1 above unless from approved animals.

Animals must not have more than 75% of either foundation breeds (Irish Dexter/Hereford) in their pedigree.

Animals must have originated from approved purebred Irish Dexter and approved purebred Hereford Bulls (foundation bulls). At this point the approved bulls are:

Dexter = Billy Bob's Danny Boy - MCBR#2059
Max - MCBR#2275
Fireball - MCBR#2274 Ex.
Hereford = Happy Mountain^® I - MCBR#2050
Buster - MCBR#2169

All breedings must be with females, of either breed, that have gone through the Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry approval process and have been approved prior to the breeding. A breeding with an approved female does not mean subsequent breedings will also be approved. Each breeding must be approved by a written notice of approval. The approval process fee including written notice of breeding approval, progeny registration and approved semen for artificial insemination is $2000.00 per animal per breeding. Submissions for approval will include a video of the female submitted, a copy of the animals pedigree registration and a letter from a qualified veterinarian certifying the hip height (hock bone) of the animal. Past pedigree owners will be contacted to determine any evidence of the chrondrodysplasia gene in the Dexter breed. A DNA test (when available) will also be required for this gene.

Any semen provided under paragraph #9 is to be used exclusively in the Kentshire^® breeding program only. Any unauthorized use of such semen with animals other than those approved under paragraph #9 shall result in a fine of not less than $50,000 per wrongful use. Any semen not used within one year from date of receipt shall be destroyed.

The Kentshire^® is a trademark name and only those animals produced under this breeding program may use the name Kentshire^® Unauthorized use of the Kentshire^® name will constitute trademark infringement and will result in severe financial penalties.

All animals used in the Kentshire^® breeding program must be registered with the International Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry.

The agent for the Miniature Cattle Breeds Research Facility in ___________________________________(Country) is _____________________________________(Name of Agent), address, City, State, Zip________________________________ phone,fax,e-mail____________________________________ all inquiries within this country should be directed to the designated MCRF agent.

Disclaimer of warranty is attached to this breeding program outline.

MINIATURE Kentshire^® BREEDING PLAN

The Kentshire^® is based on a two breed triple cross foundation of small Hereford and small Dexter cattle. We are developing an animal of outstanding performance characteristics. The Dexter is well known for its dual purpose beef and milking features, particularly short legged Dexters. The Miniature Hereford is known for its outstanding beef characteristics and its docile nature. The combination results in an animal superior to either of its foundation breeds. A short outstanding beef animal with high progeny milking ability and a docile nature. The perfect animal for the small farms of the world that can do well in a variety of climates and pastures. One key to success is bull selection, particularly the F2 and F3 bulls. Another key is selection pressure, through 50% linebreeding, to fix those characteristics desired. Linebreeding (no more than 50% ancestor influence) and bull selection creates the gene pool necessary for Kentshire^®s to have the prepotency to reproduce similarly.
Where:
D = Danny Boy, Mini Dexter Bull #2059
H = Happy Mountain^®One # 2050 or Buster #2190, Mini Hereford Bulls
d = Mini Dexter Cow or Heifer selection
h = Mini Hereford Cow or Heifer selection
b = Bull, hi = heifer, F1 = 1st progeny, F2 - 2nd progeny, F3 = 3rd progeny

F1 Progeny:
Crossbreeding two distinct breeds from both sides (two separate crosses using bulls from both breeds) results in hybrid vigor (heterosis).

D x h =

H x d = F1Db bulls from Dexter sire with Hereford dam.F1Dhi heifers from Dexter sire with Hereford dam.
F1Hb bulls from Hereford sire with Dexter dam. F1Hhi heifers from Hereford sire with Dexter dam.

Linebreeding can start at this level from either the D or H side and/or breeders may go on to the F-2 level.

F2 Progeny:
Double crossbreeding results in an offspring with the genetics of both foundation bulls and with super hybrid vigor (heterosis). This is the real start of the new breed. Linebreeding can start at this level or breeders may choose to go on to the F3 level.

F1Db sire selection x F1Hhi = F-2 from Dexter bull side
F1Hb sire selection x F1Dhi = F-2 from Hereford bull side
An acceptable variation would be to breed an F1Dhi or F1Hhi to an unrelated D or H foundation bull = F2 with 75% D or H. The purpose would be to attempt to fix certain characteristics (such as height) earlier in the process. You then can go on to linebreed off your D or H selection and/or go on to the F3 progeny step as shown below and then linebreed.

F3 Progeny:
A triple cross results in an animal with maximum hybrid vigor.

Select an F2 bull from the F1Db sire and breed to the heifers from the F1Hb sire = F3.
Select an F2 bull from the F1Hb sire and breed to the heifers from the F1Db sire = F3
From here you linebreed to enlarge the herd.
Summary:
Kentshire^® cattle are registered in the Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry as F1, F2 or F3 Kentshire^®s. The genetics from both foundation bulls occurs at the F2 level. Linebreeding may start at either the F1, F2 or F3 level. Although a variety of Dexter and Hereford dams may be used, strict control is placed on bull selection. Approved foundation bulls are the only sires that can be used. Foundation bull control in combination with linebreeding, creates the prepotency to reproduce offspring within an acceptable range of same or similar characteristics. These are the methods used by the great cattle breeders of the past to create some of the great beef and dairy breeds of today.

Terms:
Breed: Group of animals having a common origin and identifying characters that distinguish them as belonging to a breeding group.
Heterosis: Positive or negative differences in the performance of progeny from the average of the parental types (see also hybrid vigor).
Hybrid Vigor: Increased vigor or productivity often observed in hybrid, crossbred, or crossline individuals as compared to that of the parental types (see also heterosis).
Linebreeding: A form of breeding in which an effort is made to maintain high relationships in subsequent generations with a favored ancestor at no closer than 50% total influence. Half brother to half sister = 50% bull influence. See the "Basis of Linebreeding" by J. H. Lents.

Progeny:
Sire:
Dam:
F1:
F2:
F3:
Youth of offspring of given individuals.
Male parent, the father of an animal.
Female parent, the mother of an animal.
The hybrid offspring of first filial generation from a given mating.
Offspring of F1 and F1 matings.
Offspring of F2 and F2 matings.

Selection: Any external influence in a population, either naturally or artificially imposed, which enhances opportunities of individuals of some genotypes to contribute genetic material to subsequent generations and thereby to change gene frequencies.
Selection Pressure: The degree or intensity of selection for or against a trait in the selection process.

For More Information Write or Call
Happy Mountain^® Miniature Cattle Farm
A Division of Beef Breeders For The Future Corporation
25204 - 156th Ave. S.E., Covington WA 98042 U.S.A.
Phone: (253) 631-1911 FAX: (253) 631-5774
E-Mail: info@minicattle.com Web Site: www.minicattle.com
Come See Us For: F-1, F-2, F-3, Heifers, Cows, Bulls, Show Prospects, Semen & Embryos

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

HAPPY MOUNTAIN^® MINIATURE CATTLE FARM and THE MINIATURE CATTLE RESEARCH FACILITY their agents and employees cannot guarantee the conception rate, temperament, height, quality or any characteristic of any semen, embryos or animals purchased. When you are dealing with nature there can be no guarantee. Happy Mountain^® Miniature Cattle Farm/Miniature Cattle Research Facility has no control over the manner by which or circumstances under which semen, embryos or animals purchased are used or the breeding of same. HAPPY MOUNTAIN^® MINIATURE CATTLE FARM/MINIATURE CATTLE RESEARCH FACILITY MAKES NO EXPRESS WARRANTY OF ANY KIND AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSES OR USES. Further Happy Mountain^® Miniature Cattle Farm/Miniature Cattle Research Facility nor their agents nor employees shall be responsible for any injury, damage or loss caused by the use of semen, embryos or animals purchased or for any damage or loss due to any difficulties in the connection therewith. This disclaimer of warranty applies to all semen, embryos or animals of any breed sold to any purchaser by Happy Mountain^® Miniature Cattle Farm/Miniature Cattle Research Facility or its agents.

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The First Miniature Belted Panda^® calf from the first Miniature Belted Panda^®

Precious (mom) was the first Miniature Belted Panda^® cattle born in the world. This is her first calf, DOB:10-09-02. It is a little heifer that we have named Princess Marie. She has the same markings as her mother which establishes that the breed can breed true.

The Panda^® Miniature Cattle Breeding Program

The Panda ® Miniature Cattle breeding program is a closed breeding program. It is a linebreeding program starting with one very special approved bull. No other animals are allowed without genetics from this approved foundation bull. In addition, all females must also be approved and all breedings must be approved by the registry. The name Panda ® cattle has been trademarked in the US, Canada, Mexico and most developed countries. Because of these special breeding requirements and trademarking, Panda ® Miniature Cattle will remain a very sought after popular unique pet bovine highly prized by their owners. The International Miniature Cattle Breeders Society and Registry issues certificates of registration pedigrees on all approved Panda ® Cattle. Registry control over breeding, female approval, and linebreeding requirements is unique in the cattle industry and insures purity of these adorable animals.

PANDA® TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT

Registered Panda® Miniature Cattle were developed at Happy Mountain® Miniature Cattle Farm and are the original and only recognized trademarked Panda® Cattle. Any other cattle being marketed under the same or similar names are nothing more than illegal fakes. Do not be misled by unscrupulous dishonest breeders selling unregistered questionable animals attempting to take advantage of the popularity of our Panda® Miniature Cattle product name. Authentic Panda® Cattle are trademarked and registered with the International Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry. These are the only Panda® Miniature Cattle. Any other cattle claiming to be Panda® or similar to Panda® Cattle or stating "Otherwise known as Panda® Miniature Cattle" are not registered or recognized by the International Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry. Use of the name Panda® in reference to cattle in any way is a product trademark infringement and will be dealt with accordingly. The name Panda® as it relates to cattle together with logos and related marks are product trademarks of Professor Richard H. Gradwohl ®2003.

Professor Gradwohl with Paula Sue a Miniature Holstein Heifer

Geneme Keyser of Washington State has three mini cattle all of which are pets.

Carole Rodgers feeds one of her favorite pet mini cattle at her farm in Virginia.

Professor Gradwohl exhibits the size relationship between himself (5' 9")and Precious (only 14" at birth).

"Springtime"
Mini Kentshire^® Calf

International Miniature Cattle Breeders Society and Registry^®
a division of Cattle Breeders for the Future Corporation
25204 - 156th Ave. S.E., COVINGTON, WA 98042 U.S.A.
Telephone (253) 631-1911 Fax (253) 631-5774
International Calls: Intl Code+1 (253) 631-1911
Fax: Intl Code+1 (253) 631-5774
Internet Address: http://www.minicattle.com
E-mail: info@minicattle.com

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The names Panda Cattle, Kentshire Cattle and Happy Mountain
together with logos and related marks are trademarks of
Professor Emeritus Richard Gradwohl. ® 2003 RHG

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